FYS377 Electrical Power Systems

The course provides an introduction to the structure and functioning of electric power systems, covering topics such as basic AC theory, three‑phase systems, transformers, transmission lines, power flow analysis, stability and system control. Students learn to describe, model and analyze power grids at different voltage levels, and gain insight into capacity limitations and operational challenges.

The course further examines how increasing shares of renewable energy, more distributed and weather‑dependent generation, electrification, and changing consumption patterns influence power system operation. Higher peak demand and the development of new interconnections — including HVDC links to neighbouring countries — introduce new requirements related to grid capacity, balancing, power exchange, security of supply and emergency preparedness. Students develop an understanding of how these developments shape the planning and operation of future power systems.

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After completing the course, students should be able to:

• explain the structure of electric power systems and relationships between generation, transmission, distribution and end use
• understand and apply basic concepts in AC circuits, three‑phase systems, power calculations and equivalent circuits
• explain the operation and modelling of transformers, including the per‑unit system
• describe transmission lines and their electrical parameters, and model short, medium and long lines
• set up and solve power flow analyses using methods such as Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson
• analyze load types, load profiles and flexibility from a system perspective
• assess operation, capacity and technical limitations in transmission and distribution networks
• understand basic principles of power system stability, including the swing equation and criteria for transient stability
• explain system control, power balance, frequency regulation and the role of reserves and inertia
• understand key challenges in the energy transition, including higher renewable penetration, new operational conditions, security of supply, preparedness and the role of interconnections
• identify regulatory and market frameworks, including the N‑1 criterion, connection processes and the structure of Nordic and European power markets
• communicate technical assessments in writing through a semester paper and evaluate the work of peers.